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Figure 1 from the paper: Hake artisanal fishery occurs in the sub-Antarctic channels of Patagonia, Chile. This area comprises three political-administrative regions: Los Lagos, Aysén and Magallanes. The blue box shows the study area, the red circles display where the interviews were conducted, and the yellow rectangles show fishing grounds where we ran the sampling periods related to the offal consumption survey.
Jaime Ojeda (School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada) and colleagues have published open access in the journal People and Nature on the reciprocal relationship between artisanal hake fishers in Chilean Patagonia and seabirds, highlighting how fishers benefit from seabirds' presence and how seabirds rely on fishers for food through discarded offal.
The paper’s abstract follows:
“ 1. Reciprocal relationships between fishers and marine life have been documented in Indigenous fishing contexts, but there are few case studies that describe the mechanisms of such relationships, and even fewer that explore other contexts, such as that of artisanal fishers in Latin American countries.
2. We studied the artisanal hake fishery in the sub-Antarctic channels of Chilean Patagonia, a global hotspot for albatross and petrel diversity. We aimed to uncover nature's contributions to hake fishers and, reciprocally, the potential fishers' contributions to marine life with a particular emphasis on seabirds. We adopted a bifocal observational strategy. From a human perspective, ethnographic methods (e.g., semi-structured interviews) are analysed with Nature's Contributions to People and reciprocal contribution frameworks. From the seabirds' view, we assessed offal consumption through experimental and observational methods. We randomly threw offal items into the sea and observed the seabird responses (whether they consumed offal).
3. Hake fishers' relationships with the marine environment are multidimensional, particularly with seabirds. Based on fishers' perceptions, we identified four key contributions of seabirds to humans: they serve as value indicators of fishing distribution and concentration areas, offer companionship and recreation during fishing activities, enhance scenic emotionality through the presence of albatrosses and assist in the function of sea cleaning. In reciprocal contributions, artisanal fishers viewed hake offal as a beneficial food source for the seabirds, especially the liver. Fishers described that fishing in the right way can reduce bycatch and effort.
4. The fishers' main contribution to seabirds is through offering them the offal of hake catches. We observed that seabirds consumed hake liver 99% of the time, while they consumed stomach less frequently (24%). We identified that southern giant petrels and black-browed albatrosses consumed more liver, while kelp gulls ate more stomach. The liver comprises 51.6% fat, essential for high trophic level marine predators such as black-browed albatrosses.
5. Adopting reciprocal contributions and NCP served as a catalyst for understanding fishers' positive actions but also is a promoter to research multiple views of nature–human relationships in fishing settings. Values of nature, like reciprocity, could enrich ecosystem-based management strategies.”
Reference:
Ojeda, J., Morello, F., Suazo, C. G., Astorga-España, M. S., Salomon, A. K., & Ban, N. C. (2024). Two lenses for exploring relationships between seabirds and fishers: Unveiling reciprocal contributions. People and Nature, 00, 1–16.
2 September 2024
Antipodean Albatross by Lea Finke for World Albatross Day 2020, after a photograph by Kirk Zufelt
Antipodean Albatrosses at sea, artwork by James Allan
A Laysan Albatross chick gets close to fledging, photograph by Hob Osterlund
Bird scaring lines in action, photo by Domingo Jimenez